EVM Behavior

EVM Behavioral Specification

• Notes on the EVM: straightforward technical specification of the EVM plus some behavioral examples
• EVM: From Solidity to bytecode, memory and storage: a 90-minute talk from Peter Robinson and David Hyland-Wood
• EVM illustrated: an excellent set of diagrams for confirming your mental model
• EVM Deep Dives: The Path to Shadowy Super-Coder

Opcode Reference

Opcode pricing on Monad has been changed to reflect their relative costs in execution, learn more about it here

evm.codes: opcode reference and an interactive sandbox for stepping through bytecode execution

Solidity Storage Layout

The EVM allows smart contracts to store data in 32-byte words (“storage slots”), however the details of how complex datastructures such as lists or mappings is left as an implementation detail to the higher-level language. Solidity has a specific way of assigning variables to storage slots, described below:

• Official docs on storage layout
• Storage patterns in Solidity